The answer is relatively straightforward: Research has established a direct and potent association between trauma and addictive behaviours. As an example, nearly two-thirds of people diagnosed with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) develop issues with substance use and dependence. And more importantly, the symptoms of trauma typically arise before the substance use disorder. The evidence also suggests that the likelihood of having a substance use disorder increases with the amount of trauma people experience in their lives and that the earlier the trauma occurs, the more complex the substance use issues can become.

One of the explanations for this relationship centres around the compelling evidence that adverse childhood experiences have a profound impact on the developing brain. The theory is that individuals who experience trauma turn to their substance of choice as a way to regulate unpleasant emotions brought on by their symptoms. Essentially, the substance use can be thought of as a highly effective form of self-medication or post-traumatic coping. That is, however, until the positive aspects are far outweighed by the negative consequences of the substance use. When this occurs, people have often crossed that invisible (and not so invisible) line into substance use disorder. 

Many clients who present with substance use disorder are unsure if they have experienced past trauma. From our experience, there is often no need to research their complex pasts to unearth trauma. We just need to observe what life is like for those on the far end of the substance use disorder spectrum in the here and now. The current pain and misery of withdrawal can be almost unbearable. The stigma of struggling with addiction in society can be harrowing. The guilt and shame felt by those with this baffling malady is overwhelming. 

But there is hope! There are tools available that can mitigate the negative symptoms of trauma and substance use disorder. The rationale for integrated trauma treatment is strong. Based upon a systematic review of the research, most studies have found that integrated trauma treatment effectively reduces symptoms over time.